Fraction

A fraction is a part of a whole or a collection of equal parts.
What is a Fraction?
  • A fraction shows a part of a whole or a group of equal parts.
  • It has two parts: numerator (top) and denominator (bottom).
  • We write fractions using a horizontal line (—) called the fraction bar.
Examples
12 one-half
34 three-fourths
23 two-thirds
25 two-fifths
Quick Facts
  • A fraction has a numerator and a denominator.
  • The denominator shows how many equal parts make a whole.
  • The numerator shows how many of those parts are taken.
  • The denominator cannot be zero.
  • Fractions help us compare, measure and share equally.
  • If the numerator is greater than the denominator, it is called an improper fraction.
  • If the numerator is less than the denominator, it is a proper fraction.
Parts & Types of Fractions
34
➔ Numerator Shows how many parts are taken.
➔ Denominator Shows total number of equal parts.
Proper Fraction
Numerator < Denominator
Example: 25
Improper Fraction
Numerator > Denominator
Example: 74
Mixed Number
A whole number and a proper fraction
Example: 1 12
Unit Fraction
Numerator is 1
Example: 16
Equivalent & Comparing Fractions
Equivalent Fractions

Fractions that have the same value but different numerators and denominators.

12 = 24 = 36 = 48
Comparing Fractions

Like Fractions

Same denominator. Compare numerators directly.

37 < 57

Unlike Fractions

Make denominators same or cross multiply.

12 < 23
Like & Unlike Fractions

Like Fractions

Same denominator

15 , 35 , 45

Unlike Fractions

Different denominators

12 , 23 , 34
Fractions in Real Life
18 of a pizza
36 of a chocolate
24 of a jug of water
12 of an orange
35 of the cake
Adding & Subtracting Fractions

Like Fractions (same denominator)

Add or subtract the numerators. Keep the denominator same.

27 + 37 = 57

Unlike Fractions (different denominators)

Make the denominators same (find LCM).

12 + 13 = 36 + 26 = 56
Key Points to Remember
  • A fraction shows a part of a whole.
  • Denominator tells how many equal parts.
  • Numerator tells how many parts are taken.
  • Fractions can be proper, improper or mixed.
  • Equivalent fractions have the same value.
  • Like fractions have same denominator.
  • Unlike fractions have different denominators.
  • Always simplify your fraction if possible.
Think & Answer
  1. What is a fraction?
  2. Write the numerator and denominator of 38.
  3. Which is greater: 25 or 35?
  4. Convert 23 into an equivalent fraction with denominator 6.
  5. Add: 25 + 15 = ?
Fractions help us share equally, measure correctly and understand the world around us! 😊