M U L T I P L I C A T I O N ×

⭐ Repeated Addition Made Easy! ⭐

Multiplication is a shortcut for repeated addition.

WHAT IS MULTIPLICATION?

  • ★ Multiplication means adding the same number again and again.
  • ★ We use the multiplication sign (×) to multiply numbers.
  • ★ It helps us find the total quickly.
  • ★ It is one of the four basic operations in mathematics.
  • ★ It is used in everyday life.
Let's multiply and make math super easy! ❌
Example: 4 × 3 = 12
4 + 4 + 4 = 12 (3 times)
Here, 4 is the number being added repeatedly.

Parts of a Multiplication Sentence

6
↕
Multiplier
(The number of
groups)
×
5
↕
Multiplicand
(The number in
each group)
=
30
↕
Product
(The answer)

ARRAY FORM (Rectangular Arrangement)

4 × 3 = 12
4
r
o
w
s
└── 3 columns ──┘

QUICK FACTS 💡

  • ★ 0 × any number = 0
  • ★ 1 × any number = that number
  • ★ Any number × 0 = 0
  • ★ Multiplying by 10, 100, 1000 adds zeros.
  • ★ Commutative Property:
    a × b = b × a
  • ★ Practice multiplication to become fast and accurate!
Let's master our tables together! ✨

METHODS OF MULTIPLICATION

1

MULTIPLICATION WITHOUT REGROUPING

When the product of digits is a single digit.

Example: 23 × 3
TO
23
×3
69
Step-by-step:
• 3 × 3 = 9
(write 9 in ones place)
• 3 × 2 = 6
(write 6 in tens place)
So, 23 × 3 = 69
2

MULTIPLICATION WITH REGROUPING

When the product of digits is a two digit number.

Example: 47 × 6
⁴
HTO
47
×6
282
Step-by-step:
• 6 × 7 = 42
(write 2, carry 4)
• 6 × 4 = 24 + 4
(carry) = 28
So, 47 × 6 = 282
3

MORE THAN ONE DIGIT

Multiply the ones digit first, then tens, hundreds... and add.

Example: 132 × 24
ThHTO
132
×24
528(132×4)
2640(132×20)
3168(123×24)
Step-by-step:
1. 132 × 4 = 528
2. 132 × 20 = 2640
(add a zero for tens)
3. Add products:
528 + 2640 = 3168

MULTIPLICATION EXAMPLES

A. 2 DIGIT × 2 DIGIT

Example: 23 × 14
HTO
23
×14
92(23×4)
230(23×10)
322
So, 23 × 14 = 322

B. 3 DIGIT × 2 DIGIT

Example: 246 × 35
ThHTO
246
×35
1230(246×5)
7380(246×30)
8610
So, 246 × 35 = 8,610

C. 3 DIGIT × 3 DIGIT

Example: 123 × 456
TThThHTO
123
×456
738(123×6)
6150(123×50)
49200(123×400)
56088
So, 123 × 456 = 56,088

IMPORTANT KEYWORDS
in word problems

Keywords What to Do
product, times, multiplied by, double, triple MULTIPLICATION
each, every, in each, altogether MULTIPLICATION
groups of, sets of, rows of, columns of MULTIPLICATION
twice as much, three times, four times as many MULTIPLICATION
total of, area of, factors of MULTIPLICATION

WORD PROBLEMS – LET'S SOLVE!

1
A shop has 24 packs of pencils. Each pack has 15 pencils. How many pencils are there in all?
Solution:
24 × 15 = 360
Answer: 360 pencils
2
A school arranged 128 chairs in each of 18 classrooms. How many chairs are there in all?
Solution:
128 × 18 = 2,304
Answer: 2,304 chairs
3
A factory makes 345 toys in a day. It works for 27 days in a month. How many toys are made in a month?
Solution:
345 × 27 = 9,315
Answer: 9,315 toys

✏️ PRACTICE TIME!

Solve the following to become a master!

A. 2 DIGIT × 2 DIGIT

1) 23 × 17 = ______
2) 34 × 28 = ______
3) 46 × 39 = ______
4) 57 × 24 = ______
5) 68 × 52 = ______

B. 3 DIGIT × 2 DIGIT

1) 123 × 15 = ______
2) 246 × 27 = ______
3) 357 × 18 = ______
4) 468 × 36 = ______
5) 579 × 42 = ______

C. 3 DIGIT × 3 DIGIT

1) 123 × 234 = ______
2) 246 × 321 = ______
3) 345 × 456 = ______
4) 567 × 789 = ______
5) 678 × 654 = ______

TIPS TO REMEMBER

  • ✓ Line up numbers in place value columns.
  • ✓ Multiply ones first, then tens, hundreds...
  • ✓ Don't forget to add the products.
  • ✓ Double check your work!

REAL LIFE EXAMPLES

🏏
A cricket team scored 125 runs in each of 8 matches.
Total runs = 125 × 8 = 1,000
📚
5 books have 256 pages each.
Total pages = 256 × 5 = 1,280
🌱
A farmer plants 378 plants in each of 16 rows.
Total plants = 378 × 16 = 6,048

MATH CHALLENGE!

Find the product:
A) 234 × 45
B) 321 × 67
C) 456 × 123
Be quick and accurate! 🏆

MENTAL MATH TRICKS

★ × 10 ➔ Add one zero (e.g., 34 × 10 = 340)
★ × 100 ➔ Add two zeros (e.g., 57 × 100 = 5700)
★ × 1000 ➔ Add three zeros (e.g., 8 × 1000 = 8000)
★ Double a number ➔ × 2  |  Triple ➔ × 3
★ Half of × 10 ➔ (n × 10) ÷ 2
e.g., 48 × 5 = (48 × 10) ÷ 2 = 240